Turkey

Since the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic in early 2020, Turkey has committed at least USD 2.97 billion to supporting different energy types through new or amended policies, according to official government sources and other publicly available information. These public money commitments include:

At least USD 2.97 billion for unconditional fossil fuels through 8 policies (2 quantified and 6 unquantified)
No public money commitments identified for conditional fossil fuels
Some public money committed for unconditional clean energy (4 policies with the value of public money unquantified)
No public money commitments identified for conditional clean energy
Some public money committed for other energy (1 policy with the value of public money unquantified)

Updated: 21 October 2020

At least

$2.97 billion

Supporting fossil fuel energy

$35.63

Per capita

At least

$0

Supporting clean energy

$0.00

Per capita

By energy type, some public money committed for oil and gas (3 policies with the value of public money unquantified).

In addition, Turkey committed at least USD 53.95 million to coal (at least USD 53.95 million to unconditional coal).

Further, no public money commitments identified for hydrogen based on fossil fuels.

Finally, Turkey committed at least USD 2.92 billion to multiple fossil fuels (at least USD 2.92 billion to unconditional multiple fossil fuels).

A considerably larger amount of public money committed to supporting the economy and people of Turkey through monetary and fiscal policies in response to the crisis may also benefit different elements of the energy sector. However, these values are not available from official legislation and statements and therefore are not included in the database. Meanwhile, in addition to monetary and fiscal measures, the database lists other policies and regulations that can also provide benefits to producers and consumers of different energy types.

These public money commitments are additional to many other government policies that had existed to support different energy types before the COVID19 pandemic.

Public money commitments to fossil fuels, clean and other energy in recovery packages, USD billion, as of 21 October 2020

Policies

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Country	Jurisdiction	Category	Policy name	Sector	Energy Type	Mechanism	Value committed, USD	Date of announcement	Policy type	Stage	Legislation and Endorsing Agency	Arm of Government	Primary and secondary stated objective of the policy	Date of entry into force	Implemented repeal date, if any	Value as stated (specify currency)	Value committed, national currency	Value disbursed, national currency	Value disbursed, USD:	Policy background	Links to official sources	Links to additional sources
Turkey	National	Clean unconditional	Extension of Renewable Energy Support Scheme (YEKDEM)	Power generation	Multiple renewable	New or extended regulation (IT...		2020090909/09/2020	Fiscal	Electricity generation	Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources	Government	To support renewable energy investors	17/09/2020	30/06/2021					The Renewable Energy Support Scheme (YEKDEM) was first introduced into the system in 2013 and it outlines feed-in-tariffs of $0.133 for solar and biomass, $0.105 for geothermal, $0.073 for wind and hydro plants and it is valid for 10 years. Although this scheme was previously set to be repealed by the end of 2020 (November, 2nd being the last date of applications) now the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources proposes to extend the application date for another 6 months, to benefit the renewable energy investors who were struggling with their imports and finances.	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/09/20200918-8.pdf Accessed 21 September 2020.
Turkey	National	Clean unconditional	Energy Performance Contracts in Public Sector	Multiple sectors	Energy efficiency	New or extended regulation (IT...		2020082121/08/2020	Other	Energy efficiency	Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources	Government	Decreasing the energy expenses in public administration sector.	21/08/2020						The "Law on Energy Performance Contracts in Public Sector" has been approved by the Parliament in 2018. This regulation outlines the principles and methodologies of the contracting process.	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/08/20200821-31.pdf Accessed 8 September 2020
Turkey	National	Other energy	Increased Special Consumption Tax for vehicle purchases	Mobility	Multiple energy types	New or extended regulation (IT...		2020083030/08/2020	Fiscal	Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	Ministry of Treasury and Finance	Government	Increase budget revenue	30/08/2020						Special Consumption Tax (SCT) revenues constitute about 25% of total tax revenues in Turkey. 2019 numbers reveal that motor vehicle SCT revenues are 10% of the total SCT revenues (13.8 billion TL of 147.1 billion TL). In the first 7 months of 2020, SCT revenues over motor vehicles (16 billion TL) already amounts to 85% of the end-of-year target (18.9 billion TL).	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/08/20200830-1.pdf	https://vergiyedair.com/2020/08/30/otomobilde-otv-duzenlemesi-ne-anlama-geliyor/
Turkey	National	Clean unconditional	1 GW solar auction	Power generation	Solar	Government procurement (DT)		2020070303/07/2020	Other	Electricity generation	Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources	Government	Increasing solar energy production capacity by 1 GW	19/10/2020						Turkey’s Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources has officially published the details of its 1 GW solar auction on August the 3rd. The smallest project allowed under the tender is 10 MW in size, while the largest is 20 MW. The auction will be held over a four-day period between 19-23 October 2020, for projects located in 36 cities and across 74 grid connection points. The starting ceiling price in the auctions will be TRY0.3/kWh ($0.044/kWh), and the winners will receive a 15-year power purchase guarantee.	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ilanlar/eskiilanlar/2020/07/20200703-4-10.pdf Accessed 11 August 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Amendment to the “Project Based Incentive Scheme”	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	New or extended regulation (IT...		2020072828/07/2020	Fiscal	Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	Ministry of Industry and Technology	Government	To increase high-tech production capacity of critical sectors and decrease import dependency.	28/07/2020						In 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Technology has announced a "Project Based Incentive Scheme" under which 23 projects of 19 firms with a total investment volume of $135 billion were entitled to receive incentives in terms of tax reductions, employment and energy subsidies (50% of total energy bill to be met by the government) and other financial support. Among these projects there is one for developing integrated solar panel development with ingot and solar cell production. However, also petrochemical industry and refineries are recipient of this incentives. The new amendment extends energy subsidies to the projects with partial completion as well. Initially only the completed projects were eligible for this subsidy.	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/07/20200728-9.htm Accessed 3 August 2020
Turkey	National	Clean unconditional	Renewable Power Purchase Agreements	Power generation	Multiple renewable	Budget or off-budget transfer ...		2020072323/07/2020	Other	Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	Energy Market Regulatory Authority	Government	Enabling willing consumers to opt for renewable energy purchase	01/08/2020						Turkey is introducing a 'green tariff' to encourage the use of domestic renewable energy and to direct citizens with high environmental awareness to renewable energy consumption. As of August, the special tariff will be available to consumers who want to use electricity produced solely from renewable energy sources. The prices will vary between 79.25 and 91.46 cents TRY per kilowatt-hour, depending on the consumer group.	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/07/20200724-24.pdf Accessed 27 July 2020	https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/turkey-to-offer-green-only-power-tariff-as-of-august Accessed 27 July 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Increased retail loans for housing, launched by the public banks, with no energy efficiency requirem...	Buildings	Multiple fossil	Loan (Hybrid)	2918298134.731	2020060101/06/2020	Fiscal	Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	Public banks	Public finance institution	To revitalize the housing market	01/06/2020		15 year loans of up to TRL 500,000 with 12-month deferred payments	18931000000	18931000000	2918298134.731	During the COVID-19 times, easing on the housing credits is announced in the first stimulus package on March 17th. Public banks started to provide low interest housing loans since the beginning of June. The disbursed amount covers the period of 5-26 June, the first 3 weeks of the loan provision. We are categorising this policy here is "fossil unconditional" based on that, unlike energy efficiency and renovation policies, this one has no conditions attached, hence ends up benefiting the fossil fuels industry. During the beginning period of the loan provision, a 12 month deferral was also provided along with low interest rates. A revision to this package on August 7, has cancelled the 12 month deferral and also the interest rates for second-hand housing loans have been on the rise.		https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/ekonomi/konut-kredilerinde-rekor-artis-uc-haftada-19-milyar-tl-5908804/ Accessed 6 July 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Discount by Turkish Petroleum Pipeline Company (BOTAŞ) on the price of natural gas supplied to elec...	Power generation	Gas and gas products	Underpricing of govt-owned goo...		2020063030/06/2020	Fiscal	Electricity generation	Turkish Petroleum Pipeline Company	SOE	Reducing the energy costs imposed on the industry	01/07/2020						The price of gas sold to power plants that produce electricity from natural gas has been reduced by 12.5 percent. Industry and commercial subscribers also received a 9.8 percent discount.	https://www.botas.gov.tr/Sayfa/2020-yili-temmuz-ayi-dogal-gaz-toptan-satis-fiyat-tarifesi/501 Accessed 30 June 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Postponement of collection of electricity and natural gas consumption fees due to natural disasters	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...		2020061010/06/2020	Fiscal	Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources	Government	n/a	01/01/2020	01/06/2020					Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Energy and Natural resources will cover the financial costs resulting from the postponement (up to one year maximum) of accrued electricity and/or natural gas bills, excluding the principal amount. This policy has been classified as "fossil unconditional" because over 70% of the energy mix in Turkey is fossil fuels-based.	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/06/20200610-10.htm Accessed 17 June 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Requirement for underground coal miners to work in shifts in public mines with full payment and a pa...	Resources	Coal	Budget or off-budget transfer ...		2020030303/03/2020	Other	Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation	Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises	SOE	n/a	01/04/2020						In response to COVID-19 outbreak, Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises (TTK) has required the coal miners working in public mines to work in 15 day shifts, with 15 days of paid leave. Then, effective from April 1st until June 1st, TTK halted its production. Starting from June 1st, TTK has resumed its coal mining activity with a 3 shift / day working schedule.		https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiye-taskomru-kurumu-yeniden-uretime-basladi/1860445 Accessed 8 June 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Postponement of exhaust emission measurements for 3 months	Mobility	Oil and gas	Regulatory rollback or non-gov...		2020040303/04/2020	Other	Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure	Government	n/a	03/04/2020	07/07/2020					For citizens whose exhaust gas emission measurement period has expired and who would not be able to fulfill this obligation within 3 months that this regulation is valid, it will be possible to complete it within 45 days from the end of this period.	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/04/20200403-6.htm Accessed 7 June 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Support policies for the oil sector	Resources	Oil and gas	Regulatory rollback or non-gov...		2020042929/04/2020	Other	Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation	Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources	Government	To contribute to reducing dependence on external energy sources	29/04/2020	01/11/2020					Based on the critical role that national oil and natural gas production plays in Turkey's energy independence and employment creation, share payments to the government ('State share payments') and filing deadlines were extended. License liabilities (drilling, etc.) were also postponed for 6 months.	http://www.mapeg.gov.tr/Duyurular/2904_duyuru.aspx Accessed 2 June 2020
Turkey	National	Fossil unconditional	Support for underground mines to ease financial losses due to increased costs	Resources	Coal	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	53954061.970094	2020032424/03/2020	Fiscal	Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation	Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources	Government	Increase employment and reduce the costs of production in the sector	02/06/2020		TL 350 million/year	350000000			For 10 000 underground mineworkers who meet the conditions as listed in the Presidential Decree (date 24/3/2020 -- No:2282) a support payment of 350 million TL will be disbursed each year. The support amount is calculated per employee. Its design motivates higher employment in the sector	https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/03/20200325-2.pdf Accessed 2 June 2020	https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/madencilikte-destek-odemeleri-basladi-37672h.htm Accessed 2 June 2020

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