European Institutions - Energy Policy Tracker

The Energy Policy Tracker has finished its first phase of tracking related to the Covid-19 recovery. Our dataset for 2020-2021 is complete. A new dataset on energy policies in the context of multiple crises will be launched in the coming year.

European Institutions

In 2020-2021, in response to the COVID 19 pandemic, European Institutions has committed at least USD 20.30 billion to supporting different energy types through new or amended policies, according to official government sources and other publicly available information. These public money commitments include:

Some public money committed for unconditional fossil fuels (1 policy with the value of public money unquantified)
Some public money committed for conditional fossil fuels (4 policies with the value of public money unquantified)
At least USD 715.44 million for unconditional clean energy through 6 policies (6 quantified)
At least USD 5.02 billion for conditional clean energy through 4 policies (2 quantified and 2 unquantified)
At least USD 14.56 billion for other energy through 5 policies (5 quantified)

By energy type, some public money committed for oil and gas (3 policies with the value of public money unquantified).

In addition, no public money commitments identified for coal.

Further, no public money commitments identified for hydrogen based on fossil fuels.

Finally, some public money committed for multiple fossil fuels (2 policies with the value of public money unquantified).

A considerably larger amount of public money committed to supporting the economy and people of European Institutions through monetary and fiscal policies in response to the crisis may also benefit different elements of the energy sector. However, these values are not available from official legislation and statements and therefore are not included in the database. Meanwhile, in addition to monetary and fiscal measures, the database lists other policies and regulations that can also provide benefits to producers and consumers of different energy types.

These public money commitments are additional to many other government policies that had existed to support different energy types before the COVID19 pandemic.

More information on key poverty and inequality indicators in European Institutions can be found on the Inequality and Poverty Dashboard page.

Updated: December 31^st 2021

At least

$0

Supporting fossil fuel energy

$0.00

Per capita

At least

$5.74 billion

Supporting clean energy

$12.82

Per capita

European Institutions

In 2020-2021, in response to the COVID 19 pandemic, European Institutions has committed at least USD 20.30 billion to supporting different energy types through new or amended policies, according to official government sources and other publicly available information. These public money commitments include:

Some public money committed for unconditional fossil fuels (1 policy with the value of public money unquantified)
Some public money committed for conditional fossil fuels (4 policies with the value of public money unquantified)
At least USD 715.44 million for unconditional clean energy through 6 policies (6 quantified)
At least USD 5.02 billion for conditional clean energy through 4 policies (2 quantified and 2 unquantified)
At least USD 14.56 billion for other energy through 5 policies (5 quantified)

By energy type, some public money committed for oil and gas (3 policies with the value of public money unquantified).

In addition, no public money commitments identified for coal.

Further, no public money commitments identified for hydrogen based on fossil fuels.

Finally, some public money committed for multiple fossil fuels (2 policies with the value of public money unquantified).

A considerably larger amount of public money committed to supporting the economy and people of European Institutions through monetary and fiscal policies in response to the crisis may also benefit different elements of the energy sector. However, these values are not available from official legislation and statements and therefore are not included in the database. Meanwhile, in addition to monetary and fiscal measures, the database lists other policies and regulations that can also provide benefits to producers and consumers of different energy types.

These public money commitments are additional to many other government policies that had existed to support different energy types before the COVID19 pandemic.

More information on key poverty and inequality indicators in European Institutions can be found on the Inequality and Poverty Dashboard page.

$ %

Public money commitments to fossil fuels, clean and other energy in European Institutions recovery packages, USD billion, in 2020-2021

Policies

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Country	Jurisdiction	Category	Policy name	Sector	Energy Type	Mechanism	Value committed, USD	Date of announcement		Stage	Legislation and Endorsing Agency	Arm of Government	Primary and secondary stated objective of the policy	Date of entry into force	Implemented repeal date, if any	Value committed, national currency	Value disbursed, national currency	Value disbursed, USD:	Policy background	Links to official sources	Links to additional sources
European Institutions	Member States	Other energy	EU LIFE Program – €35 million for climate change mitigation projects	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	39954337.899543	2021112525/11/2021		Several energy stages	EU Commission	Government	The Commission has approved an investment package of more than €290 million for 132 new projects under the LIFE programme for the environment and climate action. This EU funding will mobilise a total investment of €562 million, with projects in almost all Member States. The new LIFE projects will help Europe become a climate-neutral continent by 2050, put Europe's biodiversity on a path to recovery by 2030, and contribute to the EU green recovery post-Covid-19.	25/11/2021		35000000			Within the EU LIFE Program 17 climate change mitigation projects will have funds of approximately €66 million, of which the EU will provide around €35 million. Project examples include promoting climate neutral farming as well as improving heat recovery in iron and steel manufacturing	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_6178
European Institutions	Member States	Clean conditional	EU proposes new transport measures to target greater efficiency and more sustainable travel	Mobility	Multiple energy types	New or extended regulation (IT...		2021121414/12/2021		Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	EU Commission	Government	By increasing connectivity and shifting more passengers and freight to rail and inland waterways, by supporting the roll-out of charging points, alternative refuelling infrastructure, and new digital technologies, by placing a stronger focus on sustainable urban mobility, and by making it easier to choose different transport options in an efficient multimodal transport system, the proposals will put the transport sector on track to cutting its emissions by 90%.	14/12/2021					"The European Commision adopted four proposals that will modernise the EU's transport system. To address the missing links and modernise the entire network, today's proposal: Requires that the major TEN-T passenger rail lines allow trains to travel at 160 km/h or faster by 2040 thus creating competitive high-speed railway connections throughout the Union. Canals and rivers must ensure good navigation conditions, unhindered for example by water levels, for a minimum number of days per year. Calls for more transhipment terminals, improved handling capacity at freight terminals, reduced waiting times at rail border crossings, longer trains to shift more freight onto cleaner transport modes, and the option for lorries to be transported by train network-wide. To ensure infrastructure planning meets real operational needs, it also creates nine ‘European Transport Corridors' that integrate rail, road, and waterways. Introduces a new intermediary deadline of 2040 to advance the completion of major parts of the network ahead of the 2050 deadline that applies to the wider, comprehensive network. So new high-speed rail connections between Porto and Vigo, and Budapest and Bucharest – among others – must be completed for 2040. Requires all 424 major cities along the TEN-T network to develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans to promote zero-emission mobility and to increase and improve public transport and infrastructure for walking and cycling."	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_6776
European Institutions	Member States	Clean conditional	EU adopts “Fit for 55”-package	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	New or extended regulation (IT...		2021071414/07/2021		Several energy stages	EU Commission	Government	The proposals will enable the necessary acceleration of greenhouse gas emission reductions in the next decade. They combine: application of emissions trading to new sectors and a tightening of the existing EU Emissions Trading System; increased use of renewable energy; greater energy efficiency; a faster roll-out of low emission transport modes and the infrastructure and fuels to support them; an alignment of taxation policies with the European Green Deal objectives; measures to prevent carbon leakage; and tools to preserve and grow our natural carbon sinks.	14/07/2021					European Commission adopted a package of proposals to make the EU's climate, energy, land use, transport and taxation policies fit for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. Achieving these emission reductions in the next decade is crucial to Europe becoming the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050 and making the European Green Deal a reality.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_3541
European Institutions	Member States	Fossil conditional	Commission proposes new EU framework to decarbonise gas markets, promote hydrogen and reduce methane...	Resources	Gas and gas products	Budget or off-budget transfer ...		2021121515/12/2021		Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation	EU Commission	Government	The European Commission has adopted a set of legislative proposals to decarbonise the EU gas market by facilitating the uptake of renewable and low carbon gases, including hydrogen, and to ensure energy security for all citizens in Europe. The Commission is also following up on the EU Methane Strategy and its international commitments with proposals to reduce methane emissions in the energy sector in Europe and in our global supply chain.	15/12/2021					The Commission's proposals (regulation and directive) create the conditions for a shift from fossil natural gas to renewable and low-carbon gases, in particular biomethane and hydrogen, and strengthen the resilience of the gas system. One of the main aims is to establish a market for hydrogen, create the right environment for investment, and enable the development of dedicated infrastructure, including for trade with third countries. The market rules will be applied in two phases, before and after 2030, and notably cover access to hydrogen infrastructures, separation of hydrogen production and transport activities, and tariff setting. A new governance structure in the form of the European Network of Network Operators for Hydrogen (ENNOH) will be created to promote a dedicated hydrogen infrastructure, cross-border coordination and interconnector network construction, and elaborate on specific technical rules.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_6682
European Institutions	Member States	Fossil unconditional	EU countries agree to prolong funding for selected gas project	Resources	Gas and gas products	Budget or off-budget transfer ...		2021061414/06/2021		Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation	EU Commission	Government	Ministers agreed that while new dedicated gas and oil projects should generally not receive support, projects in the island countries of Malta and Cyprus with PCI status should retain it until those countries are fully connected to the European gas network. That could help ensure the completion of Greece, Cyprus and Israel’s Eastmed pipeline to supply Europe with gas from the eastern Mediterranean.	14/06/2021					European Union energy ministers agreed to prolong EU support for some cross-border natural gas projects, despite a push from 11 countries and the European Commission who said such funding should end to comply with climate change goals. The EU’s “TEN-E” rules define which cross-border energy projects can be labelled Projects of Common Interest (PCI), giving them access to EU funds and fast-tracked permits.	https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/eu-countries-agree-to-prolong-funding-for-selected-gas-projects-with-caveats/
European Institutions	Member States	Clean conditional	EU’s second call for large-scale projects under the Innovation Fund worth EUR 1.5 billion	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	1712328767.1233	2021102626/10/2021		Several energy stages	EU Commission	Government	With a revenue of more than €25 billion until 2030, depending on the carbon price, the Innovation Fund aims to create the right financial incentives for companies and public authorities to invest now in the next generation of low-carbon technologies and give EU companies a first-mover advantage to become global technology leaders.	26/10/2021		1500000000			The EU's Innovation Fund is one of the world's largest program for the demonstration of innovative low-carbon technologies, financed by revenues from the auction of emission allowances from the EU's Emissions Trading System. With a budget of €1.5 billion it will finance breakthrough technologies for renewable energy, energy-intensive industries, energy storage, and carbon capture, use and storage.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_5473
European Institutions	Member States	Clean unconditional	EU Cohesion policy: €216 million to modernise Bucharest’s thermal energy transmission system	Buildings	Energy efficiency	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	246575342.46575	2021052727/05/2021		Energy efficiency	European Commission	Government	To modernize the thermal energy transmission system of Bucharest	27/05/2021		216000000			The Commission has approved an investment of €216 million from the Cohesion Fund to modernize the thermal energy transmission system of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The city’s thermal energy transmission system is one of the largest in the world, supplying over 1.2 million people with heat and hot water. 211.94 km of pipes, which is equivalent to 105.97 km of transmission system, will be replaced to remedy the current problem of the loss of around 28% of the heat between the source and the consumer. Moreover, a new leak-detection system will be installed. The project will ensure a sustainable and affordable thermal energy transmission system increasing the energy efficiency of the network for a better quality of life of inhabitants and better air quality thanks to a substantial reduction of gas to be burnt. This will contribute to the country’s goal of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions in line with the European Green Deal.	https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/eu-cohesion-policy-eu216-million-modernise-bucharests-thermal-energy-transmission-system-2021-may-27_en
European Institutions	Member States	Clean unconditional	Commission approves €254 million Romanian aid to support rehabilitation of district heating system...	Buildings	Energy efficiency	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	289954337.89954	2021022323/02/2021		Energy efficiency	EU Commission	Government	To contribute to energy savings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants emissions	23/02/2021		254000000			The European Commission has approved, under EU State Aid rules, Romanian plans to support the upgrade of the district heating system of the municipality of Bucharest. Romania notified the Commission of its plans to provide public support of approximately €254 million (1,208 billion RON ) for the rehabilitation of the distribution network (notably the “transmission” pipelines of hot water to the main distribution points) of the district heating system in the urban area of Bucharest. The planned support will take the form of a direct grant financed by EU Structural Funds managed by Romania. The Bucharest district heating system is the largest in size in the EU, and the second largest in the world, serving 1.2 million inhabitants, covering around 940 km of thermic pipes for the transmission system and 2,800 km pipes for the distribution system. The rehabilitation of the Bucharest District heating will consist in the replacement of sections of main hot water transmission pipelines for approximately 10% of the overall length of Bucharest's district heating network. This investment will reduce heat losses, water refill losses, network maintenance costs, as well as other losses. The measure will therefore contribute to energy savings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants emissions. As demonstrated by the Romanian authorities, despite the reduction by around 10% of operating costs, the overall operation of the district heating system will not generate sufficient revenues to cover the investment costs. Therefore the project would not be financially viable without public support. The contribution of a grant from EU Structural Funds is needed to cover the financing gap of the project.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_762
European Institutions	Member States	Other energy	INEA sign €720 million grant agreement for the Baltic Synchronisation project	Power generation	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	821917808.21918	2020121414/12/2020		Electricity storage or transmission or distribution	Innovation and Networks Executive Agency	Government	To better integrate electricity grids of the Baltic States with the ones of the rest of continental Europe and ensure their energy independence from third countries	14/12/2020		720000000			INEA (the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency) has signed a €720 million grant agreement with the electricity transmission system operators of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland for the Baltic Synchronisation Project. This represents the largest amount of funding ever attributed from the Connecting Europe Facility Energy (CEF-E). Following previous funding awarded in 2019 for the reinforcement of the internal grids of the Baltic States, the grant signed today will be mainly dedicated for the construction of Harmony Link – an electricity cable connecting Poland and Lithuania through the Baltic Sea. The cable will become a building block for allowing the integration of offshore renewable energy resources. This funding will also cover synchronous condensers in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and reinforcements of the Polish grid that will ensure the full functionality of the Harmony Link and safe operation of the system. According to the Polish press, EUR 493 million will be allocated to the construction of Harmony Link while EUR 166.5 million will be used to install synchronous compensators in Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The remaining funds will be allocated to the modernization of the transmission infrastructure in Poland, necessary to ensure the stable operation of the interconnected power systems.	https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/baltic-states-and-poland-sign-eu720-million-grant-agreement-baltic-synchronisation-project-2020-dec-14_en	https://www.cire.pl/item,208853,1,0,0,0,0,0,umowa-na-dofinansowanie-infrastruktury-elektroenergetycznej-w-polsce-i-panstwach-baltyckich-podpisana-.htm
European Institutions	Member States	Clean conditional	Commission approves €2.9 billion public support for a second pan-European research and innovation ...	Power generation	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	3310502283.105	2021012626/01/2021		Electricity storage or transmission or distribution	EU Commission	Government	To support research and innovation in the battery value chain.			2900000000			The Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a second Important Project of Common European Interest (“IPCEI”) to support research and innovation in the battery value chain. The project, called “European Battery Innovation” was jointly prepared and notified by Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Spain and Sweden. The twelve Member States will provide up to €2.9 billion in funding in the coming years. The public funding is expected to unlock an additional €9 billion in private investments, i.e. more than three times the public support. The project complements the first IPCEI in the battery value chain that the Commission approved in December 2019. The project will cover the entire battery value chain from extraction of raw materials, design and manufacturing of battery cells and packs, and finally the recycling and disposal in a circular economy, with a strong focus on sustainability. It is expected to contribute to the development of a whole set of new technological breakthroughs, including different cell chemistries and novel production processes, and other innovations in the battery value chain, in addition to what will be achieved thanks to the first battery IPCEI.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_226 (Accessed 1 Feb 2021)
European Institutions	Member States, Croatia	Clean unconditional	€55 million from the European Regional Development Fund to replace more than 68 km of Zagreb’...	Buildings	Energy efficiency	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	62785388.127854	2021012525/01/2021		Energy efficiency	EU Commission	Government	To create a more reliable and efficient heating network.			55000000			The European Commission has approved an investment worth over €55 million from the European Regional Development Fund to replace more than 68 km of Zagreb's heating pipes with a more reliable and efficient network. This major EU project for the capital of Croatia will reduce heat and water losses and will make the system compatible with renewable heating sources. The modernised heating system will ensure greater comfort for Zagreb's residents especially in winter. Moreover, with a reduction of the maintenance costs and a lower consumption of natural gas for water heating, the project will contribute to lower carbon emissions. Works will be implemented over the summers of 2021-2023 to avoid inconvenience for residents.	https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/eu-cohesion-policy-over-eu55-million-more-reliable-and-energy-efficient-heating-system-croatia-2021-jan-25_en (Accessed 25 Jan 2021)
European Institutions	Member States	Clean unconditional	EIB provides EUR 28 million loan to Spanish GMP to develop near zero-energy buildings	Buildings	Energy efficiency	Loan (Hybrid)	31963470.319635	2020110505/11/2020		Energy efficiency	European Investment Bank	Public finance institution	To help reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions in office buildings.			28000000			The European Investment Bank (EIB) and GMP PROPERTY SOCIMI (Gmp), one of Spain's biggest real estate groups, are set to finance green investments in Madrid, reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions in office buildings. To this end, the EU bank will provide the Spanish company with €28 million in financing for the development of near zero energy buildings (NZEBs) and for refurbishments works aimed at improving energy efficiency. The operation is supported by the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI), the main pillar of the Investment Plan for Europe. Thanks to the EIB support, Gmp will finance energy improvements in the flagship 38 346 m2 Castellana 81 building, and will develop new near zero energy projects such as the ARQBÓREA building in Las Tablas. The primary energy savings in the buildings covered by the EIB financing will be an estimated 3 420 megawatt hours per year (MWh/year), implying CO2 emissions savings equivalent to the average emissions produced by 124 EU households a year.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_2038 (accessed 9 Nov 2020)
European Institutions	Member States	Clean unconditional	Topeka, green hydrogen ship in Norway, granted €8m from Horizon 2020	Mobility	Hydrogen	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	9132420.0913242	2020102727/10/2020		Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	Horizon 2020 programme	Government	To support green transport and green hydrogen.			8000000			The ship Topeka – grouped under the HySHIP project –will run on a 1,000-kilowatt-hour battery and a specialised hydrogen fuel cell, which means the vessel would emit no greenhouse gas emissions from the moment it launches, currently scheduled for 2024. The ship is expected to fulfil two functions once at sea: ferry customer cargo between Norwegian ports and deliver hydrogen sourced from clean energy to fuel bunkers along the coast. Topeka would be the first step towards scalable LH2 [liquid green hydrogen] fuelled maritime operations. This technology could help remove around 25,000 trucks from roads yearly. Equinor is also involved in this initiative.	https://www.euractiv.com/section/shipping/news/norways-green-hydrogen-ship-granted-e8m-in-eu-funding/ (accessed 2 Nov 2020)
European Institutions	Member States	Clean unconditional	EU allots P3.76 B for Philippines green financing	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	75030839.041096	2020102626/10/2020		Several energy stages	European Commission	Government	To support the Philippines’ sustainable economic activities			65727015			The P3.76 billion fund under EU’s Access to Sustainable Energy Programme is intended to respond to the Philippines’ goal to increase energy access, promote renewable energy sources to decrease the use of polluting power sources and reduce negative impact on the environment and health. The fund is equally supposed to support the Philippines’s thrust in making energy efficiency and conservation a national way of life.	https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/26/eu-allots-p3-76-b-for-ph-green-financing/ Accessed 26 October 2020
European Institutions	Member States	Other energy	€998 million funding approved for key European energy infrastructure projects under the Connecting...	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	1139269406.3927	2020100202/10/2020		Several energy stages	EU Commission and EU Member States	Government	To create modern, secure and smart energy infrastructure system that supports the EU's climate goals and the European Green Deal agenda.			998000000			EU Member States agreed on a Commission proposal to invest €998 million in key European energy infrastructure projects under the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF). The largest amount of funding goes to the Baltic Synchronisation Project (€720 million), to better integrate the electricity markets of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Other projects include a smart electricity grid linking Hungary and Slovakia (€102 million), and the first-ever CEF grant for works on a CO2 transport project for Belgian and Dutch ports. The allocation of funds is in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal, with 84% of funds going to electricity or smart grid projects. Yesterday's vote grants financial aid for ten projects: two for electricity transmission, one for smart electricity grids, six for CO2 transport (including five studies), and one for gas.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_20_1803 (accessed 6 Oct 2020)
European Institutions	Member States	Fossil conditional	Revision of the EU Emission Trading System State Aid and Guidelines: change in the number of industr...	Multiple sectors	Multiple fossil	New or extended regulation (IT...		2020092121/09/2020		Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	EU Commission	Government	To prevent carbon leakage but eliminate support for "non-efficient technologies"	01/01/2021					This revision to the EU Emission Trading System State Aid and Guidelines replaces the guidelines adopted in 2012 and will be effective as of the start of 2021, which will be the start of the new ETS period. The overall objective of the ETS system is to decrease carbon leakage. The measure will now apply to 10 sectors and 20 subsectors (compared to 13 sectors and 7 subsectors in the previous version) that have high indirect emission costs and strong exposure to international trade. Compensation is available to these strategic sectors because their electricity costs are high due to being included in the EU ETS yet have to compete with low-cost alternatives on the market. The percentage of compensation was also decreased from 85% to 75% and will no longer be available to non-efficient technologies. Furthermore, compensation will now be contingent on additional decarbonization efforts.	https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1712 Accessed 28 Sep 2020
European Institutions	Member States	Fossil conditional	Additional powers granted to the EC to police car emissions	Mobility	Oil and oil products	New or extended regulation (IT...		2020090101/09/2020		Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc)	European Commission	Government	To make sure Member States are effectively monitoring/ regulating road vehicle emissions and standards in light of the "Dieselgate" scandal.	01/09/2020					New EU rules on monitoring the vehicles on Europe’s roads grant the European Commission added powers to police car emissions and take to task any manufacturers that breach the law. Along with finalising a new testing procedure that better takes into account emissions produced in real-world driving scenarios, EU decision-makers also agreed in 2018 to update the legislation that underpins monitoring efforts. Those new rules kicked in Sept. 1st, 2020 and they include stricter checks on national authorities to ensure that they are implementing standards properly and an obligation on member states to test a certain number of cars that are already on the market. At least one in every 40,000 newly-registered cars will have to be checked. Member states are expected to foot the bill for those tests. The updated law also grants the Commission the right to conduct its own inspections, order vehicle recalls and issue fines, powers that were previously only enjoyed by national regulators.	https://www.euractiv.com/section/transport/news/greater-eu-powers-to-catch-and-fine-emissions-cheats-kick-in/ Accessed 8 September 2020.
European Institutions	EU and Switzerland	Fossil conditional	EU and Switzerland to link emissions trading platform from September 2020	Multiple sectors	Multiple fossil	Uncategorized		2020080606/08/2020		Several energy stages	European Commission	Government	To increase the number of trading partners for the trade of emissions permits.	21/09/2020					The EU and Swiss carbon markets will be linked up as of September 2020. While the original link-up date was set for May 2020, the coronavirus pandemic delayed this emissions trading market enlargement that has been "years in the making." The two registries are not yet permanent and will therefore use a provisional system to allow for trading this year. The EU carbon market covered about 1.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in 2019, compared to less than 5 million tonnes of CO2e from industrial facilities in Switzerland in 2019. The volume of emissions covered by the Swiss scheme will increase in 2020 as Swiss power plants and some flights will be added to the market.	https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/eu-switzerland-to-link-emissions-trading-platforms-from-september/ Accessed 6 August 2020
European Institutions	Member States	Other energy	Just Transition Fund under EU Recovery Fund	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	11415525114.155	2020072121/07/2020		Several energy stages	EU Commission	Government	Entice carbon-heavy countries to decarbonize, particularly CEE countries (biggest coal regions are in PL and DE).			10000000000			Additional funding under the EU Recovery Fund, but the program itself traces to the European Green Deal. In January 2020, the just transition budget was EUR 7.5 billion, to be allocated under the regular budget. An increase to EUR 40bn was suggested under the EU recovery fund, which was eventually decreased to an additional EUR 10bn. On 15 Sep 2020, the European Parliament voted to allow fossil gas projects under this fund. The Parliament's position will now be transmitted to the EU member states for a final round of negotiations on the "shape and size" of the new fund. In a provisional agreement reached by the European Parliament 9 Dec 2020, it was agreed that fossil fuels (including natural gas) would not be eligible for funding under the program. Specifically, "The decommissioning or construction of nuclear power stations, activities linked to tobacco products and investment related to the production, processing, transport, distribution, storage or combustion of fossil fuels cannot be funded through the JTF." Furthermore, a “Green Rewarding Mechanism” will be introduced if JTF resources are increased after 31 December 2024. The additional resources will be distributed among member states, with those that succeed in reducing greenhouse gas emitted by their industrial facilities receiving more funding. There is a loophole, however: fossil fuel projects will have an allowance under the regional development fund (only 1% allowance up to 2025, after which funding will be cut off).	https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/about_the_european_commission/eu_budget/com_2020_460_en_act_v6.pdf Accessed 28 July 2020	https://balkangreenenergynews.com/eu-cuts-just-transition-fund-to-eur-10-billion-in-covid-19-recovery-deal/ Accessed 28 July 2020
European Institutions	Member States	Other energy	EU opens up 1 billion in grants from the EU Innovation Fund for breakthrough low-carbon technologies	Multiple sectors	Multiple energy types	Budget or off-budget transfer ...	1141552511.4155	2020070303/07/2020		Several energy stages	European Commission	Government	To fund breakthrough low-carbon technologies; to help restart th EU economy and create a green recovery.	03/07/2020		1000000000			This is the first call for proposals under the Innovation Fund, which is financed by revenues from auctioning allowances under the EU Emission Trading System. The first round is EUR 1 billion. In total, the Commission plans to allocate EUR 10 billion over the period 2020-2030, but this will depend on the price of carbon. Since EUR 1 billion is currently committed and approved, that figure is reported here. This measure is classified as "other energy" because it may benefit not only clean energy but also fossil fuels conditional on emission reductions, e.g. via carbon capture and storage.	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/news/boosting-eu-green-recovery-commission-invests-1-billion-innovative-clean-technology_en Accessed 6 July 2020	https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/eu-opens-bidding-for-e1-billion-from-clean-technology-fund/ Accessed 6 July 2020

Research

The role of the EU ETS in increasing EU climate ambition

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