Japan
Since the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic in early 2020, Japan has committed at least USD 21.16 billion to supporting different energy types through new or amended policies, according to official government sources and other publicly available information. These public money commitments include:
- At least USD 1.63 billion for unconditional fossil fuels through 3 policies (2 quantified and 1 unquantified)
- No public money commitments identified for conditional fossil fuels
- At least USD 682.22 million for unconditional clean energy through 8 policies (7 quantified and 1 unquantified)
- At least USD 18.82 billion for conditional clean energy through 4 policies (4 quantified)
- At least USD 24.35 million for other energy through 2 policies (2 quantified)
By energy type, Japan committed at least USD 1.63 billion to oil and gas (at least USD 1.63 billion to unconditional oil and gas).
In addition, no public money commitments identified for coal.
Further, no public money commitments identified for hydrogen based on fossil fuels.
Finally, no public money commitments identified for multiple fossil fuels.
A considerably larger amount of public money committed to supporting the economy and people of Japan through monetary and fiscal policies in response to the crisis may also benefit different elements of the energy sector. However, these values are not available from official legislation and statements and therefore are not included in the database. Meanwhile, in addition to monetary and fiscal measures, the database lists other policies and regulations that can also provide benefits to producers and consumers of different energy types.
These public money commitments are additional to many other government policies that had existed to support different energy types before the COVID19 pandemic.
More information on key poverty and inequality indicators in Japan can be found on the Inequality and Poverty Dashboard page.
Updated: 22 June 2022
At least
$1.63 billion
Supporting fossil fuel energy
$12.91
Per capita
At least
$19.50 billion
Supporting clean energy
$154.47
Per capita
Japan
Since the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic in early 2020, Japan has committed at least USD 21.16 billion to supporting different energy types through new or amended policies, according to official government sources and other publicly available information. These public money commitments include:
- At least USD 1.63 billion for unconditional fossil fuels through 3 policies (2 quantified and 1 unquantified)
- No public money commitments identified for conditional fossil fuels
- At least USD 682.22 million for unconditional clean energy through 8 policies (7 quantified and 1 unquantified)
- At least USD 18.82 billion for conditional clean energy through 4 policies (4 quantified)
- At least USD 24.35 million for other energy through 2 policies (2 quantified)
By energy type, Japan committed at least USD 1.63 billion to oil and gas (at least USD 1.63 billion to unconditional oil and gas).
In addition, no public money commitments identified for coal.
Further, no public money commitments identified for hydrogen based on fossil fuels.
Finally, no public money commitments identified for multiple fossil fuels.
A considerably larger amount of public money committed to supporting the economy and people of Japan through monetary and fiscal policies in response to the crisis may also benefit different elements of the energy sector. However, these values are not available from official legislation and statements and therefore are not included in the database. Meanwhile, in addition to monetary and fiscal measures, the database lists other policies and regulations that can also provide benefits to producers and consumers of different energy types.
These public money commitments are additional to many other government policies that had existed to support different energy types before the COVID19 pandemic.
More information on key poverty and inequality indicators in Japan can be found on the Inequality and Poverty Dashboard page.
$ %
Public money commitments to fossil fuels, clean and other energy in Japan recovery packages since January 2020, USD billion, as of 22 June 2022
| Country | Jurisdiction | Category | Policy name | Sector | Energy Type | Mechanism | Value committed, USD | Date of announcement | Stage | Legislation and Endorsing Agency | Arm of Government | Primary and secondary stated objective of the policy | Date of entry into force | Implemented repeal date, if any | Value committed, national currency | Value disbursed, national currency | Value disbursed, USD: | Policy background | Links to official sources | Links to additional sources | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Acceleration of the construction of a next-generation network for the mass introduction of renewable... | Power generation | Multiple renewable | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 46821849.683915 | 21/12/2021 | Electricity generation | Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry | Government | Introduction of long-distance submarine DC power transmission system in order to enable mass introduction of renewable energy | 21/12/2021 | 4999403000 | In order to accelerate the resolution of power grid constraints in order to achieve renewable energy targets, it is essential to accelerate the development of a DC power transmission system to efficiently transmit power from Hokkaido, which has great potential for offshore wind power, to large demand areas. In this project, we will conduct a survey of the actual sea area based on the discussions of the "Study Group for the Development of Long-Distance Submarine DC Power Transmission System", which aims to organize the points to be considered when introducing a long-distance submarine DC power transmission system, and to promote specifics regarding the sea area suitable for the system, costs, etc. | https://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2021/hosei/pdf/hosei_yosan_pr.pdf |
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| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Subsidy for energy conservation investment | Multiple sectors | Energy efficiency | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 93611650.667291 | 21/12/2021 | Energy efficiency | Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry | Government | Promotion of energy-saving equipment | 21/12/2021 | 9995384000 | Subsidizes a portion of the cost of upgrading to energy-saving equipment with superior performance in the industrial and commercial sectors. | https://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2021/hosei/pdf/hosei_yosan_pr.pdf |
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| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Mainstreaming of Local Renewable Energy and Strengthening of Resilience through the use of PPAs | Power generation | Solar | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 106298290.79841 | 21/12/2021 | Several energy stages | Ministry of the Environment | Government | Promotion of local renewable energy system | 21/12/2021 | 11350000000 | To promote the introduction and price reduction of on-site solar power generation equipment and storage batteries through on-site PPAs, etc., and to achieve storage parity, the program provides support for businesses, etc., that install on-site solar power generation equipment and storage batteries (including vehicle-mounted storage batteries) in commercial facilities, industrial facilities, housing complexes, and single-family homes through on-site PPAs, etc., and return a portion of the subsidy amount to consumers through reduced service charges, etc. Support will also be provided for businesses that have installed demand-side equipment that can be operated and controlled off-site to achieve energy management and CO2 reduction during normal times, and that can report on the results of remote control. | https://www.env.go.jp/guide/budget/r03/r03-hos-gaiyo/003.pdf |
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| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Subsidies to encourage customer-driven PV installations | Power generation | Solar | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 126425361.74198 | 21/12/2021 | Electricity generation | Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry | Government | Promotion of solar power generation without FIT/FIP schemes | 21/12/2021 | 13499068000 | Support for the introduction of solar power generation facilities when customers who wish to install solar power generation facilities by themselves or by power producers and conclude contracts for long-term use of renewable energy without using FIT/FIP schemes or self consignment. | https://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2021/hosei/pdf/hosei_yosan_pr.pdf |
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| Japan | National | Other energy | Acceleration of the construction of the technological basis for a fusion DEMO reactor | Power generation | Nuclear | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 16857878.716928 | 14/12/2020 | Electricity generation | Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology | Government | R&D of nuclear fusion | 1800000000 | By accelerating the production and maintenance of heating system of the JT-60SA, which is the only one in the world capable of performing "research on stable control of high-performance plasmas." This is for the development of a fusion DEMO reactor. An experimental plasma heating operation using JT-60SA will be carried out at an early stage, in order to: (1) Accelerate research and development toward a fusion DEMO reactor, and (2) Improve the technology base of enterprises related to the most advanced fusion-related devices and activation of the industrial base including small and medium-sized enterprises. | https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20201214-mxt_kaikesou01-100014477-000_2-1.pdf Accessed 6 Jan 2021 |
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| Japan | National | Clean conditional | Promotion of effective use of sewerage resources to realize a green society | Other sector | Biofuels and waste | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 46827440.880356 | 14/12/2020 | Several energy stages | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation | Government | Energy recovery from sewage sludge | 5000000000 | To promote the effective use of sewerage resources and contribute to carbon neutrality, develop facilities to convert sewage sludge into energy, and developing facilities for wide-area and joint use to promote the consolidation of sewerage resources. | https://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/content/001378258.pdf Accessed 6 Jan 2021 |
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| Japan | National | Other energy | Promote carbon neutrality in the maritime and port sectors | Mobility | Multiple energy types | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 7492390.5408569 | 14/12/2020 | Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation | Government | Promotion of low-carbon maritime system | 800000000 | In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, the government will develop technologies to establish a production base for gas-fueled ships, study the upgrading of port functions to expand the use of next-generation energy, promote the introduction of offshore wind power generation, and support the introduction of innovative construction machinery. | https://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/content/001378258.pdf Accessed 6 January 2021 |
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| Japan | National | Clean conditional | Subsidy for installation of clean energy cars that can be used in disasters | Mobility | Multiple energy types | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 34652306.251463 | 14/12/2020 | Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) | Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry | Government | Promotion of EV/FCV | 3700000000 | The current subsidy is 400,000 yen for the purchase of an EV. With the amendment, the subsidy will be increased to 600,000 yen for a set of EV and charging/discharging equipment, and 800,000 yen where the buyers' home or office is supplied with 100% renewable electricity. | https://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2020/hosei/pdf/hosei3_yosan_pr.pdf Accessed 6 Jan 2021. |
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| Japan | National | Clean conditional | Fund for continuous support for the development of innovative technologies for carbon neutrality | Multiple sectors | Multiple energy types | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 18730976352.142 | 14/12/2020 | Several energy stages | Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry | Government | NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) will set up a fund to develop technologies in key areas essential to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 including electrification and greening of electricity, realization of a hydrogen-based society, and CO2 fixation and recycling and will continue to support R&D projects for technology development and social implementation for the next 10 years. | 2000000000000 | NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) will set up a fund to develop technologies in key areas essential to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 including electrification and greening of electricity, realization of a hydrogen-based society, and CO2 fixation and recycling and will continue to support R&D projects for technology development and social implementation for the next 10 years. | https://www.meti.go.jp/main/yosan/yosan_fy2020/hosei/pdf/hosei3_yosan_pr.pdf Accessed 6 Jan 2021 |
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| Japan | National | Clean conditional | Promotion of local production and consumption of livestock biomass energy | Multiple sectors | Biofuels and waste | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 9234371.3416062 | 14/12/2020 | Several energy stages | Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery | Government | Promotion of biofuels | 986000000 | Support the introduction of facilities and machinery such as biogas plants that utilize livestock waste in order to promote local production for local consumption of energy in order to realize a green society (carbon neutral). | https://www.maff.go.jp/j/budget/pdf/r2hosei3_juten.pdf Accessed 6 January 2020 |
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| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Zero Carbon City Renewable Energy Enhancement Advance Support Package | Multiple sectors | Multiple renewable | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 187309763.52142 | 14/12/2020 | Several energy stages | Ministry of the Environment | Government | Promotion of RE at local sites | 20000000000 | Planning for maximum introduction of renewable energy into cities and the training of local human resources to build and maintain this: (1) Promote the introduction of independent and distributed renewable energy for evacuation shelters, (2) Promote local renewable energy through on-site PPA (power purchase agreement), (3) Build independent and decentralized regional renewable energy systems. | https://www.env.go.jp/guide/budget/r02/r02-hos_03-gaiyo/gaiyo.pdf Accessed 6 Jan 2020 |
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| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Project to accelerate the simultaneous introduction of renewable electricity and electric vehicles a... | Mobility | Multiple renewable | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 74923905.408569 | 14/12/2020 | Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) | Ministry of the Environment | Government | In order to accelerate the spread of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles (EVs, PHEVs, FCVs), including their use as "moving storage batteries," the government will provide short-term and intensive support for the introduction of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, along with the spread of renewable energy, as a pioneer of a zero-carbon lifestyle and work style. At the same time, the government will promote the development of charging and discharging facilities at national parks and other utilization sites, including other projects. | 8000000000 | In order to accelerate the spread of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles (EVs, PHEVs, FCVs), including their use as "moving storage batteries," the government will provide short-term and intensive support for the introduction of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, along with the spread of renewable energy, as a pioneer of a zero-carbon lifestyle and work style. At the same time, the government will promote the development of charging and discharging facilities at national parks and other utilization sites, including other projects. The program provides subsidies to individuals, private businesses (small and medium-sized enterprises), local governments, and other entities that purchase electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles, with the requirement that they procure 100% renewable electricity for their homes and offices. | https://www.env.go.jp/guide/budget/r02/r02-hos_03-gaiyo/gaiyo.pdf http://www.env.go.jp/air/post_56.html Accessed 6 January 2020 |
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| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Prime Minister’s pledge for carbon neutrality by 2050 | Multiple sectors | Multiple energy types | Uncategorized | 26/10/2020 | Several energy stages | Government | At the 203rd Session of the Diet, Prime Minister Suga declared "My administration will devote itself to the greatest possible extent to bring about a green society, while focusing on a virtuous cycle of the economy and the environment as a pillar of our growth strategy. We hereby declare that by 2050 Japan will aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero, that is, to realize a carbon-neutral, decarbonized society. Addressing climate change is no longer a constraint on economic growth. We need to adjust our mindset to a paradigm shift that proactive climate change measures bring transformation of industrial structures as well as our economy and society, leading to dynamic economic growth." In the same speech Prime Minister Suga also mentioned "We will also drastically change our longstanding policies on coal-fired power generation." | https://japan.kantei.go.jp/99_suga/statement/202010/_00006.html Accessed 18 November 2020 |
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| Japan | National | Fossil unconditional | Guarantee for Loans to ANA by Private Financial Institutions for Importing Aircraft | Mobility | Oil and oil products | Loan guarantee (Hybrid) | 801685787.87169 | 30/06/2020 | Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) | Japan Bank for International Cooperation | Government | Primary: support airline company's import of air craft in the context of operational difficulty under C-19. | 85600000000 | Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) provides this guarantee in order to support ANA in obtaining financing from private financial institutions to import 6 aircraft from The Boeing Company in the U.S. and Airbus S.A.S. in France. It will contribute to maintaining and improving the international competitiveness of the Japanese aviation industry. | https://www.jbic.go.jp/en/information/press/press-2020/0630-013535.html |
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| Japan | National | Fossil unconditional | Guarantee for Loans to Japan Airlines (JAL) by Private Financial Institutions for Importing Aircraft | Mobility | Oil and oil products | Loan guarantee (Hybrid) | 827909154.76469 | 09/06/2020 | Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) | Japan Bank for International Cooperation | Government | Primary: support airline company's import of air craft in the context of operational difficulty under C-19. | 88400000000 | Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) provides this guarantee in order to support JAL in obtaining financing from private financial institutions to import 8 aircraft from The Boeing Company in the U.S. and Airbus S.A.S. in France. It will contribute to maintaining and improving the international competitiveness of the Japanese aviation industry. | https://www.jbic.go.jp/en/information/press/press-2020/0609-013422.html |
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| Japan | National | Fossil unconditional | Extension of temporary relief of automobile tax and light vehicle tax environmental performance fee | Mobility | Oil and oil products | Tax or royalty or govt fee bre... | 20/04/2020 | Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications | Government | to reduce the negative impacts of the COVID-19-related restrictions on the economy | The applicable rates of the differentiated automobile tax/light vehicle environmental performance fee were reduced by one per centage point. Since the tax is levied locally, the national government committed to compensate local budgets for the losses. | https://web.archive.org/web/20200618073700/ https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000686227.pdf https://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai1/keizaitaisaku/2020/20200420_economic_measures_all.pdf |
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| Japan | National | Clean unconditional | Support for on-site solar power generation | Power generation | Solar | Budget or off-budget transfer ... | 46827440.880356 | 08/06/2020 | Electricity generation | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications | Government | Support clean, disaster-proof energy | 5000000000 | Support the installation of self-consumption, on-site solar power generation facilities through PPA. Also includes support for supply chain reform and domestic investment in production bases. | https://www.env.go.jp/guide/budget/r02/r0204-hos-gaiyo/005.pdf Accessed 8 June 2020 |
Research
G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding: JapanImpact of COVID-19 on Japan and India: Climate, Energy and Economic StimulusStill Digging: Japan issue briefVisualisation approach and economic incentives toward low carbon practices in households: A survey study in Hyogo, JapanCirculating and Ecological Economy - Regional and Local CES: An IGES Proposal
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