The Energy Policy Tracker has finished its first phase of tracking related to the Covid-19 recovery. Our dataset for 2020-2021 is complete. A new dataset on energy policies in the context of multiple crises will be launched in the coming year.

Russia

In 2020-2021, in response to the COVID 19 pandemic, Russia has committed at least USD 5.18 billion to supporting different energy types through new or amended policies, according to official government sources and other publicly available information. These public money commitments include:

  • At least USD 5.18 billion for unconditional fossil fuels through 14 policies (7 quantified and 7 unquantified)
  • No public money commitments identified for conditional fossil fuels
  • Some public money committed for unconditional clean energy (2 policies with the value of public money unquantified)
  • No public money commitments identified for conditional clean energy
  • Some public money committed for other energy (4 policies with the value of public money unquantified)

By energy type, Russia committed at least USD 5.18 billion to oil and gas (at least USD 5.18 billion to unconditional oil and gas).

In addition, no public money commitments identified for coal.

Further, no public money commitments identified for hydrogen based on fossil fuels.

Finally, no public money commitments identified for multiple fossil fuels.

A considerably larger amount of public money committed to supporting the economy and people of Russia through monetary and fiscal policies in response to the crisis may also benefit different elements of the energy sector. However, these values are not available from official legislation and statements and therefore are not included in the database. Meanwhile, in addition to monetary and fiscal measures, the database lists other policies and regulations that can also provide benefits to producers and consumers of different energy types.

These public money commitments are additional to many other government policies that had existed to support different energy types before the COVID19 pandemic.

More information on key poverty and inequality indicators in Russia can be found on the Inequality and Poverty Dashboard page.

Updated: December 31st 2021


At least

$5.18 billion

Supporting fossil fuel energy

$35.85

Per capita



At least

$0

Supporting clean energy

$0.00

Per capita

Russia

In 2020-2021, in response to the COVID 19 pandemic, Russia has committed at least USD 5.18 billion to supporting different energy types through new or amended policies, according to official government sources and other publicly available information. These public money commitments include:

  • At least USD 5.18 billion for unconditional fossil fuels through 14 policies (7 quantified and 7 unquantified)
  • No public money commitments identified for conditional fossil fuels
  • Some public money committed for unconditional clean energy (2 policies with the value of public money unquantified)
  • No public money commitments identified for conditional clean energy
  • Some public money committed for other energy (4 policies with the value of public money unquantified)

By energy type, Russia committed at least USD 5.18 billion to oil and gas (at least USD 5.18 billion to unconditional oil and gas).

In addition, no public money commitments identified for coal.

Further, no public money commitments identified for hydrogen based on fossil fuels.

Finally, no public money commitments identified for multiple fossil fuels.

A considerably larger amount of public money committed to supporting the economy and people of Russia through monetary and fiscal policies in response to the crisis may also benefit different elements of the energy sector. However, these values are not available from official legislation and statements and therefore are not included in the database. Meanwhile, in addition to monetary and fiscal measures, the database lists other policies and regulations that can also provide benefits to producers and consumers of different energy types.

These public money commitments are additional to many other government policies that had existed to support different energy types before the COVID19 pandemic.

More information on key poverty and inequality indicators in Russia can be found on the Inequality and Poverty Dashboard page.

$ %

Public money commitments to fossil fuels, clean and other energy in Russia recovery packages, USD billion, in 2020-2021

Country Jurisdiction Category Policy name Sector Energy Type Mechanism Value committed, USD Date of announcement Stage Legislation and Endorsing Agency Arm of Government Primary and secondary stated objective of the policy Date of entry into force Implemented repeal date, if any Value committed, national currency Value disbursed, national currency Value disbursed, USD: Policy background Links to official sources Links to additional sources
Russia National Fossil unconditional Reduction Coefficient of the Extraction Tax for Unconventional Natural Gas Reserves (e.g. Berezovska... Resources Gas and gas products Tax or royalty or govt fee bre... 2021051313/05/2021 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Government of Russia Government 02/07/2021 This measure is aimed to facilitate extraction from hard-to-reach gas reserves that would not be profitable without tax relief

https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1170972-7
Russia National Clean unconditional Strategy of socio-economic development of of the Russian Federation with a low level of greenhouse g... Multiple sectors Non-applicable (non-energy measure) Uncategorized 2021102929/10/2021 Non-applicable (non-energy measure) Government of Russia Government "Achieving carbon neutrality with sustainable economic growth; In the target scenario, ensuring the competitiveness and sustainable economic growth of Russia in the context of global energy transition is identified as a key task. The action plan for the implementation of the strategy is planned to be developed within six months. This will be handled by the Ministry of Economic Development. The implementation of climate projects will begin next year. Starting from 2023, Russia plans to launch a system of mandatory carbon reporting for enterprises." 29/10/2021 "The strategy includes two scenarios – inertial and target (intensive). The target scenario is taken as a basis. The scenarios differ in sets of measures to decarbonize the Russian economy. The macroeconomic conditions of the target scenario assume a faster growth rate of non-energy exports - up to 4.4% annually. The contribution to the sustainable growth of the economy will be made by both the outpacing growth rates of investments in fixed assets (3.7% annually) and the stable growth of real disposable income (2.5% annually). At the same time, a more moderate drop in energy exports from 2030 is expected than in the inertial scenario, including due to the reorientation to high-value-added products and the implementation of measures to increase the competitiveness of Russian energy exports in foreign markets. As a result, the annual growth rates of the economy remain above the global average until 2050 (up to 3% per year), the Cabinet of Ministers emphasizes. The implementation of the target scenario will require investments in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the amount of about 1% of GDP in 2022-2030 and up to 1.5-2% of GDP in 2031-2050. Among the decarbonization measures announced are the provision of support measures for the introduction, replication and scaling of low- and carbon-free technologies, promotion of the use of secondary energy resources, changes in tax, customs and budget policies, the development of green financing, measures to preserve and increase the absorption capacity of forests and other ecosystems, support for technologies for capturing, using and disposing of greenhouse gases. Thus, within the framework of the target scenario, economic growth will be possible with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: by 2050 by 60% from the level of 2019 and by 80% from the level of 1990. Further implementation of this scenario will allow Russia to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. "

https://web.archive.org/web/20211101142500/
http://government.ru/news/43708/

https://web.archive.org/web/20211101141625/
https://www.interfax.ru/russia/800746
Russia National Other energy “Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “”On the Development of Enginee... Power generation Nuclear Uncategorized 2020041616/04/2020 Several energy stages Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2020 # 270 "On the development of equipment, technologies and scientific research in the field of atomic energy use in the Russian Federation" Government "Сomprehensive solution of the problems of accelerated development of engineering, technology and scientific research in the field of atomic energy, as well as ensuring the energy security of the Russian Federation in the use of atomic energy. " 16/04/2020 "According to the Decree, a comprehensive program is aimed at creating elements of a safe and efficient energy system based on promising nuclear, thermonuclear, plasma and other technologies, as well as for introducing advanced technologies in high-tech sectors of the economy and creating products that are competitive in foreign and domestic markets, in the following areas: 1) Development of technologies for two-component nuclear power with a closed nuclear fuel cycle; 2) Development of technologies for controlled thermonuclear fusion and innovative plasma technologies; 3) Development of new materials and technologies for advanced energy systems; 4) Design and construction of reference power units of nuclear power plants, including nuclear power plants of low power. The State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom has been identified as the customer-coordinator of the comprehensive program. "

http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202004160030

http://www.innov-rosatom.ru/network/antt/#b-materials-list
Russia National Other energy Action plan for implementation Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035 Multiple sectors Multiple energy types Other hybrid support measures 2021060101/06/2021 Several energy stages Government To ensure meeting domestic energy demands and increased exports 01/06/2021 01/01/2035 The document provides for individual measures to improve the efficiency of fuel and energy complex technologies, stimulate the use of renewable energy sources (RES), and develop domestic technologies for low-carbon hydrogen production. A separate track is the creation of a common energy market in the EAEU space.

https://www.eprussia.ru/news/base/2021/3420548.htm;
http://government.ru/docs/42431/
Russia National Fossil unconditional Introduction of the “reverse excise tax” (tax deduction) on ethane and LPG depending on ... Resources Oil and oil products Tax or royalty or govt fee bre... 203536509.25733 2020101515/10/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Federal Law of 15 October 2020 # 321-FZ "On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation" Government To stimulate investments in modernisation of the petrochemical industry and to encourage processing of ethane and LPG 01/01/2022 14676000000 This policy was developed according to the order of the President adopted on 21 May 2020 based on the special meeting on the development of the Russian energy sector against the backdrop of oil price plunge and demand shock caused by the COVID19 crisis. As a result, Federal Law of 15 October 2020 # 321-FZ "On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation" introduces a "reverse excise tax" (deduction) on ethane and LPG which will depend on the volume of investments in petrochemical facilities. Companies will be eligible for the compensation only if they sign a special agreement with the Ministry of Energy and invest in new or modernized facilities from 1 January 2022. The financial and economic feasibility assessment prepared by the State Duma's Budget and Tax Committee estimates the size of the compensation to companies at RUB 10.4 billion in 2022, RUB 14.5 billion in 2023 and RUB 15.5 billion in 2024. A more recent official document, namely the Explanatory Note prepared by the State Duma's Budget and Tax Committee and accompanying the draft Federal Law on "Federal Budget for 2021 and Planned Period of 2022 and 2023" estimates the cost of the compensation to the federal budget at RUB 14.676 billion in 2022 (Table 3.21 on page 60).

http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/63386
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/984546-7
http://sozd.duma.gov.ru/download/F26F5159-E060-41E7-A352-8E3B0EEBAC63
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1027743-7
https://minenergo.gov.ru/node/18274

https://rg.ru/2020/09/23/v-rossii-vvedut-obratnyj-akciz-na-szhizhennyj-gaz.html
https://www.interfax.ru/business/743702
Russia National Fossil unconditional Changes in certain relief measures on the Mineral Extraction Tax and export tax, especially for matu... Resources Oil and oil products Fossil fuel subsidy reform -1828279592.2613 2020101515/10/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Three Federal Laws of 15 October 2020: #325-FZ, #340-FZ and #342-FZ Government To increase government revenue from upstream taxation oil and gas 01/01/2021 -131828100000 These changes are introduced by three laws approved on 15 October 2020 that came into force on 1 January 2021: Federal Law #325-FZ "On Amendments to Article 3-1 of the Russian Federation's Law "On Customs Tariff"", Federal Law #340-FZ "On Amendments to в Article 343-2 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation", Federal Law #342-FZ "On Amendments to Chapters 25-4 and 26 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation". The first one cancels the export tax relief on superviscous oil. The second law abolishes certain Mineral Extraction Tax (MET) reliefs on mature deposits as well as MET reliefs on superviscous oil. The third law offsets some of the increased tax burden on companies by providing a MET relief on oil extraction at certain newly developed fields in the Khanty-Mansiisk disctrict of Western Siberia, e.g. the giant Priobskoe field developed by Rosneft, on the condition of the conclusion of an investment agreement by 1 July 2021. The most recent official document, namely the Explanory Note prepared by the State Duma's Budget and Tax Committee and accompanying the draft Federal Law on "Federal Budget for 2021 and Planned Period of 2022 and 2023" puts the cumulative increase in the federal budget revenue due to the three laws' measures at RUB 131,8281 billion in 2021 (Table 3.2 on page 40).
"
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1023275-7
http://duma.gov.ru/news/49612/
http://sozd.duma.gov.ru/download/F26F5159-E060-41E7-A352-8E3B0EEBAC63
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1027743-7"
"
https://www.interfax.ru/business/743702
https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4493662
https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4574485 "
Russia National Fossil unconditional Tax Code amendments raising the Additional Income Tax on oil and gas production Resources Oil and gas Increased fossil fuel taxation -1316208307.3296 2020101515/10/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Federal Law of 15 October 2020 #342-FZ "On Amendments to Chapters 25-4 and 26 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation" Government To increase government revenue from upstream taxation oil oil and gas 01/01/2021 -94905200000 "The new Federal Law # 342 “On Amendments to Chapters 25.4 and 26 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation" was approved on 15 October 2020 and came into force on 1 January 2020. It increases the Additional Income Tax (AIT) on hydrocarbon extraction. The measure was passed in parallel with the so called "completion of the tax manouvre" of the upstream oil and gas sector, initiated several years ago, and adoption of some additional tax benefits for the upstream oil and gas industry in 2020 (e.g. Federal Laws #65, #340). So the cumulative effect is mixed. Independent estimates of the increased tax burden on the oil and gas extractive industry vary. For example, the Renaissance capital puts it at at RUB 260 billion for 2021, equivalent to 3.3% of the government’s tax take in 2019 from the Russian oil and gas sector. The tax burden is expected to increase mainly on LUKOIL, Surgutneftegaz and Tatneft, while "national champions" Rosneft and, to a lesser extent, Gazprom secured additional tax benefits in 2020 that help to mitigate the impact of these Tax Code Amendments. The most recent official document, namely the Explanory Note prepared by the State Duma's Budget and Tax Committee and accompanying the draft Federal Law on "Federal Budget for 2021 and Planned Period of 2022 and 2023" puts the overall increase in the federal budget revenue due to the Additional Income Tax on hydrocarbons at RUB 94,9052 billion in 2021 (Table 3.2 on page 40)."
"
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1023276-7
http://duma.gov.ru/news/49612/
http://sozd.duma.gov.ru/download/F26F5159-E060-41E7-A352-8E3B0EEBAC63
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1027743-7"
"
https://www.interfax.ru/business/743702
https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4493662
https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4574485
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-mining-tax-idUSKCN26D1KO
https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-oil-tax-analysis-int/analysis-tax-hikes-may-help-russian-oil-majors-stomach-opec-output-curbs-idUSKBN27B0NH
https://www.ey.com/en_ru/tax/tax-alert/2020/10/ey-amendments-to-the-tax-code-regarding-additional-income-tax-and-mineral-extraction-tax-19-october-2020-tax-eng"
Russia National Clean unconditional Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On reducing greenhouse gas emissions” Multiple sectors Non-applicable (non-energy measure) Uncategorized 2020110404/11/2020 Non-applicable (non-energy measure) Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Government Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the government to develop a Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2050 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 to 70% compared to the 1990 level. Decree "On the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions." The government must not only create conditions for reducing and preventing emissions, but also increase the absorption of such gases. 04/11/2020 The decree for the year implies emissions by 2030 to 70 percent of the 1990 level with the maximum possible absorptive capacity of forests, that is, minus 30 percent from 1990 to 2030. In 2015, the target was minus 25-30 percent of the 1990 level, taking into account the maximum absorption capacity of forests. Now Russia is at minus 50 percent of the 1990 level, the absorption of forests, and at the level of about minus 30 without it.

http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202011040008
Russia National Other energy Russian government plan road map for the development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation un... Other sector Hydrogen Uncategorized 2020101212/10/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Government Implementation of the approved action plan will allow creating in Russia a fundamentally new industry of low-carbon production, storage and transportation of hydrogen, its use in energy, transport and industry, as well as entering foreign markets with new competencies. Hydrogen, which is used today mainly in the chemical and petrochemical industry, in the future can become one of the drivers of energy development and the basis for the formation of a hydrogen economy in the country. 01/01/2021 The Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Natural Resources were instructed to develop a concept for the development of hydrogen energy in the first quarter of 2021 and prepare proposals to stimulate the development of hydrogen technologies. The agencies must also develop measures of state support for pilot projects for the production of hydrogen, including the creation of pilot plants. In the second quarter of 2021, it is necessary to develop ways to stimulate the export and domestic demand of energy-generating hydrogen, to formulate proposals for the introduction of hydrogen in production and transport.In 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Economy, with the participation of Gazprom and Rosatom, will have to ensure the creation, production and use of hydrogen without carbon dioxide emissions, testing of gas turbines running on methane-hydrogen fuel and the creation of a prototype hydrogen railway transport. The hydrogen will be made mainly from natural gas ("blue hydrogen") and nuclear energy ("yellow hydrogen").

https://minenergo.gov.ru/node/19194
Russia National Fossil unconditional Gazprom will allocate RUB 526 billion from 2021 to 2025 for gasification of Russian regions Multiple sectors Gas and gas products Budget or off-budget transfer ... 7294917134.7341 2020082424/08/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Investment program of Gazprom SOE Gasification of regions 01/01/2021 31/12/2025 526000000000 For 2021-2025 at the expense of Gazprom's investments in the amount of RUB 246.8 billion for gas pipelines, branches and GDS (gas distribution stations) and RUB 279.3 billion for inter-settlement gas outlets. A total of RUB 526 billion will be allocated by Gazprom under the program.

http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/63454
https://tass.ru/ekonomika/9272835
Russia National Fossil unconditional Oil and gas support measures within the federal law “On state support of entrepreneurial activ... Resources Oil and gas Other hybrid support measures 2020071313/07/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Government of Russia Government - Economic development of Russian Federation's Arctic Zone - Promotion of investment and business activities in the Arctic Zone - Creation of an economic basis for advanced social development and improvement of the quality of life in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. 28/08/2020 Article 14 of the new law postulates that residents of the Arctic zone will be granted tax incentives and subsidies if they invest in new projects in the Arctic zone. These include tax incentives by the local and regional authorities and a reimbursement of a part of the insurance premiums paid to the state extrabudgetary fund. Resident support measures also include subsidies to reimburse the interest rate on loans and the costs of payment of a coupon yield on bonds, issued for the implementation of the investment agreement. Some of these support measures are likely to benefit fossil fuel companies. Previously, Vice prime minister Trutnev stated that the corresponding preferences will be divided into 5 groups, each with its own incentives: offshore extraction projects; projects for the construction of LPG and gas processing plants; projects for the development of new oil fields in the Eastern Arctic; projects for the extraction of solid minerals; other projects, including small and medium businesses. Additionally, Article 27 of the law mentions that the Russian Tax Code establishes federal tax benefits for organizations that carry out the prospecting and evaluation of hydrocarbon deposits, exploration and (or) extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials, and organizations carrying out activities related to the production of hydrocarbon raw materials at new offshore hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic zone.

http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/Text/0001202007130047 Accessed 18 August 2020
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/895550-7 Accessed 18 August 2020
Russia National Other energy Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2035 Multiple sectors Multiple energy types Uncategorized 2020060909/06/2020 Several energy stages Government of the Russian Federation Government To ensure meeting domestic energy demands and increased energy exports 09/06/2020 The Russian Ministry of Energy was developing the Energy Strategy to 2035 for several years before the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 to replace the prior Energy Strategy to 2030. On 9 June 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the final version of the Strategy. It sets the strategic goals in the fuel and energy complex to be operationalised by other government activities, including funding under ongoing federal target programs. The Strategy pursues meeting domestic energy demands and increased exports. The Strategy recognises the "inevitability of new geopolitical and global economic crises" and forecasts 5-9 per cent growth in fuel production by 2024 (over 2018), an increase in fuel and energy exports of 9 to 15 per cent, and increases in investment in the industry by 1.35–1.4 times based mostly on fossil fuel developments, with some targets for nuclear, hydropower, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources.

http://government.ru/en/docs/39847/ Accessed 4 August 2020
http://static.government.ru/media/files/w4sigFOiDjGVDYT4IgsApssm6mZRb7wx.pdf Accessed 4 August 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Gazprom will cover 30% of the total costs of vehicle converstion to gas-fired engines, in tandem wit... Mobility Gas and gas products Other hybrid support measures 2020061919/06/2020 Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) Gazprom SOE To stimulate domestic demand for gas and to convert transport fleet to gas 19/06/2020 Gazprom will cover 30% of costs of converting cars, trucks and other vehicles to gas-fired engines.

https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4389118 Accessed 21 June 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Increase in the volume of mandatory fuel sales by oil companies at SPIMEX Mobility Oil and oil products New or extended regulation (IT... 2020071616/07/2020 Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) Ministry of Energy & Federal Antimonopoly Services Government To maintain the stability of the motor fuel market amid accelerated recovery in demand; to further develop exchange trading and increase the transparency of market participants FAS and the Ministry of Energy agreed to increase the minimum volume of sales of petroleum products on the stock exchange to 11% (from 10%) for gasoline and 7.5% (from 6%) for diesel fuel. It was also decided to introduce liability measures for oil companies for non-compliance with the regularity and uniformity of sales requirements when selling oil products on the exchange. This measure is expected to increase fuel supply to the domestic market and keep fuel prices at a lower level.

https://fas.gov.ru/news/30140 Accessed 20 July 2020
https://minenergo.gov.ru/node/18354 Accessed 20 July 2020

https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4417973?from=vybor Accessed 20 July 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Automotive industry coronavirus support package Mobility Oil and oil products Budget or off-budget transfer ... 346716593.85618 2020052121/05/2020 Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) Government of Russia Government To support industries and businesses affected by the spread of coronavirus infection and ensure the demand for their products 21/05/2020 25000000000 The government will allocate RUB 25 billion to support the automotive industry. Of this, RUB 5 billion will be spent on the purchase of ambulances. The rest will be split between preferential car loans and leasing and advance purchases of domestic automotive equipment for the needs of state-owned companies.

http://government.ru/news/39724/ Accessed 27 July 2020

https://www.rbc.ru/economics/21/05/2020/5ec654ab9a7947a8dc3f0be4 Accessed 27 July 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Increase in the subsidy for converting vehicles to gas-fired engines from 30% to 60% of the total re... Mobility Gas and gas products Budget or off-budget transfer ... 2020061919/06/2020 Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 886 of 19 June 2020 "On Amendments to the Annex № 29 to the State Programme of the Russian Federation "Development of the Energy Sector Government To stimulate domestic demand for gas and to convert transport fleet to gas. 19/06/2020 The government increased its subsidy for converting cars, trucks and other vehicles to gas-fired engines from 30% to 60%. Gazprom will cover another 30%. Vehicle owners will only have to pay 10% of the costs.

http://government.ru/news/39909/ Accessed 21 June 2020
http://static.government.ru/media/files/7ZGOcyfSxuLjb0C7XsFWShlyQAQfv0aM.pdf Accessed 21 June 2020

https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4389118 Accessed 21 June 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Airline subsidies due to coronavirus traffic decreases Mobility Oil and oil products Budget or off-budget transfer ... 324526731.84939 2020051313/05/2020 Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) Decree of May 13, 2020 No. 661/Government of Russia (Ministry of Transport) Government To help airlines survive the period of restrictions associated with the difficult epidemiological situation and maintain employment. 13/05/2020 23400000000 The subsidies are calculated as follows: airlines will be paid RUB 365 for each passenger lost in the reporting month of 2020 compared to the same month of 2019, from February to July. Airlines can use the subsidies to cover salaries for pilots and flight attendants, payments to Russian leasing companies and for airport services.

http://government.ru/news/39681/ Accessed 2 June 2020

https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2020/05/07/829797-mintrans-predlozhil Accessed 2 June 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Partial compensation of operation costs by airports Mobility Oil and oil products Budget or off-budget transfer ... 151168434.9213 2020052929/05/2020 Energy use (all energy types, consumption in transport, household use, buildings etc) Decision of the Government of Russia № 1436-р of 29 May 2020 Government To partially compensate the costs in connection with losses of revenue due to the decrease in passenger flights as a result of the novel coronavirus infection spread. 29/05/2020 10900000000 The funds are assigned from the Reserve Fund of the Government of the Russian Federation to Rosaviatsiya, a federal government agency, which distributes the funds among the airports. Airports can use these funds to pay wages (except for top management), insurance fees and maintenance costs for buildings, equipment and transport.

http://static.government.ru/media/files/bQABGNQCMuubI1iBiFIDUFSYYeV67ujz.pdf Accessed 29 May 2020

https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4363810ё Accessed 29 May 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Temporary prohibition on import of certain fuels Resources Oil and oil products New or extended regulation (IT... 2020052222/05/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Government 1. Energy security 2. Stabilization of internal fuel market 22/05/2020 01/10/2020 The list of fuels includes gasoline, diesel fuels, aviation (kerosene) fuel. The Government can review & extend the measure by July 15. The measure aims to protect domestic fuel producers from competition.

http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202005250018?index=0&rangeSize=1 Accessed 25 May 2020
https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4356100 Accessed 25 May 2020
Russia National Fossil unconditional Tax Code amendments introducing more tax incentives for natural gas development in the Arctic Resources Gas and gas products Tax or royalty or govt fee bre... 2020031818/03/2020 Exploration or production or processing or storage or transportation Government of Russia Government Increasing oil and particularly gas extraction in the Arctic and promoting the development of maritime transport. 18/03/2020 The measure is aimed at increasing oil and particularly gas extraction in the Arctic and promoting the development of maritime transport.

https://web.archive.org/web/20200620135912/
https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/895543-7

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-gas-arctic-idUSKBN21537F
https://web.archive.org/save/
https://oilcapital.ru/news/regulation/20-03-2020/podpisan-zakon-ob-arkticheskih-lgotah-dlya-investorov